Spruce or Fir Tree (Picea abies) – Original Hand-Colored Engraving by Elisabeth Blackwell

This refined botanical engraving depicts the Spruce or Fir Tree (Picea abies), presenting a branch with slender needles, mature cones, and seed details arranged for clear botanical identification.

The composition is organized along a central stem, from which flexible branches extend downward with characteristic softness. The fine, elongated needles create a lighter visual texture than that of other conifers, while the cones introduce density and structural contrast. Elisabeth Blackwell’s rendering emphasizes differentiation of species through precise form and proportion.

Created in the early eighteenth century, this plate belongs to A Curious Herbal, a foundational medical and botanical work distinguished by the unity of its production, in which drawing, copper engraving, and hand-colouring were executed by the same hand.

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Visual and Aesthetic Analysis

The drooping arrangement of the branches introduces a gentle downward movement, contrasting with the firm vertical axis of the stem. This interplay creates a sense of natural elasticity and helps distinguish the species from more rigid conifer forms.

Subtle tonal shifts model the needles with depth while maintaining clarity, and the muted browns of the cones anchor the composition visually. The restrained palette reinforces the engraving’s analytical intent and quiet authority.

About the Subject

Fir and spruce trees were grouped and described with some fluidity in early taxonomy, yet their practical value was well understood. Aromatic needles, young shoots, and resinous exudates were widely employed in household and apothecary preparations associated with respiratory comfort, restorative baths, and warming rubs. Because similar conifers could differ in scent, resin quality, and customary use, herbals relied on diagnostic details such as needle character, cone form, and seed structure for dependable identification. Blackwell’s plate reflects this applied purpose: it presents the tree not as timber alone, but as a resinous medicinal resource whose utility depended on recognising the correct species.

Condition Report

The engraving is in exceptionally fine antique condition, printed on original handmade laid paper typical of early 18th-century botanical publications. No watermark has been observed. The surface remains fresh and stable, with light, even age-related toning consistent with period paper. The impression is crisp and legible throughout, with well-preserved margins. The engraved credit “Eliz. Blackwell delin. sculp. et pinx.” is present and fully legible, confirming the unified authorship of the plate.

Details

• Artist: Elisabeth Blackwell
• Work / Publication: A Curious Herbal
• Period: 1737–1739
• Technique: Original copper engraving, drawn, engraved, and hand-colored by Elisabeth Blackwell
• Paper: Original handmade laid paper
• Watermark: None observed
• Sheet size: approx. 37 × 22 cm

For further context on Elisabeth Blackwell and the unified authorship behind A Curious Herbal, see our editorial feature:

Elisabeth Blackwell – A Curious Herbal