Sacred Ibis and Curlew (*Threskiornis aethiopicus*) - (*Numenius arquata*) Original hand-color Antique Print by Prêtre (c.1835)

Sacred Ibis and Curlew: Sacred Symbol and Coastal Elegance

This refined ornithological engraving presents two wading birds identified in the plate as Ibis sacro and Chiurlo grosso. The sheet belongs to the ornithological section of the Dizionario di Scienze Naturali, where Pierre Antoine Prêtre balances symbolic resonance with naturalistic observation.

The upper Sacred Ibis stands with measured dignity, while the lower Curlew introduces a long, sweeping beak and patterned plumage, creating a composition built on linear elegance and subtle chromatic modulation.

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Visual and Aesthetic Analysis

The Sacred Ibis is rendered with luminous white plumage offset by a deep brown-black head and neck. The contrast produces graphic clarity, while the slight pink modulation in the wing tips introduces restrained warmth. The elongated legs enhance vertical proportion and compositional balance.

Below, the Curlew displays intricate feather patterning in rust, grey, and cream tones. Its distinctive curved beak forms a graceful arc that counterbalances the upright structure of the ibis. The generous white margins and controlled palette preserve the cabinet-of-curiosities refinement typical of early nineteenth-century natural history engraving.

About the Subject

The Sacred Ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus) held profound significance in ancient Egypt, where it was associated with the god Thoth. Its presence in nineteenth-century encyclopedic works reflects Europe’s enduring fascination with Egyptology and symbolic fauna.

The Curlew (Numenius arquata) is a large wader native to Europe and parts of Asia, recognizable by its long, downward-curved bill. In natural history illustration, curlews were admired for their elegant proportions and delicately patterned plumage, making them both scientific subjects and decorative forms.

Condition Report

The engraving is in very good antique condition. The impression is clean and well-defined, with preserved original hand-colouring. The paper is smooth early nineteenth-century wove paper (non-laid), consistent with Italian scientific editions of the period. No watermark has been observed. Minor age toning, if present, is consistent with antique paper and does not affect the legibility or decorative quality of the plate.

Details

• Artist (drawn by): Pierre Antoine Prêtre (“Prêtre dip.”)
• Scientific direction: Turpin (“Turpin direx.”)
• Engraver: Calendi (“Calendi inc.”)
• Work / Publication: Dizionario di Scienze Naturali – Sacchetti Collection
• Subjects: Sacred Ibis (Threskiornis aethiopicus) & Curlew (Numenius arquata)
• Period: early 19th century (c. 1835)
• Technique: Original hand-colored copperplate engraving
• Paper: Original smooth wove paper
• Watermark: None observed
• Sheet size: approximately 22 × 15 cm

For further context on Pierre Antoine Prêtre and his contribution to nineteenth-century zoological illustration, see our editorial feature:

Pierre Antoine Prêtre – Illustrator of Natural Science and Marine Life